From what aspects to choose linear guide?

When choosing the linear guide rail of linear module, we should choose the appropriate size according to the working environment, and choose the appropriate product while ensuring the accuracy. Besides, the correct installation and lubrication protection of the guide rail are also very important.

1. High guiding accuracy: the guiding accuracy refers to the linearity of moving parts along the guide rail and the accuracy of the relative positions between the base surfaces.

2. High enough rigidity: The external force on the moving parts is borne by the guide rail surface, so the guide rail should have high enough rigidity. Therefore, we often increase the width of the guide rail surface to reduce the specific pressure of the guide rail surface, and set up auxiliary guide rails to bear the external load.

3. Smooth and light movement of the guide rail: When the linear guide rail works, it should be light and labor-saving, with uniform speed, and there should be no crawling phenomenon at low speed.

4. The structural manufacturability of the guide rail is good: on the premise of ensuring other requirements of the guide rail, the structure of the guide rail should be simple to facilitate processing, measurement, assembly and adjustment, so as to reduce the cost. The guide rails used by different equipments must be analyzed in detail, and corresponding design requirements should be put forward.

5. Good wear resistance: The wear resistance of the guide rail is to guide the rail to maintain a certain accuracy after long-term use. The guide rail will be worn during use, but the amount of wear should be small, and it can be automatically compensated or easily adjusted after wear.

6. High adaptability to temperature change: the linear guide rail of linear module should still work normally under the condition of changing working temperature.

Diagnosis and maintenance methods of common faults of precision ball screw

Inspection and repair of clearance between ball screw nut pair and supporting system. When the numerical control machine tool has large reverse error, unstable positioning accuracy and knife marks in the quadrant, the first step is to check whether the screw system has clearance. The detection methods are as follows: put the ball in the center hole of one end of the lead screw with a dial indicator, measure the axial movement of the lead screw, and measure the movement of the worktable with another dial indicator. Turn the screw forward and backward, observe the values reflected on the two dial indicators, and confirm the fault location according to the changes of different values. Specific inspection and repair methods are as follows:

1. Inspection and repair of clearance of lead screw support bearing.

For example, when the dial indicator of the measuring screw rotates forward and backward, the pointer does not swing, indicating that the screw does not move. If the pointer of the dial indicator swings, it means that the lead screw has channeling phenomenon. At this time, we should check whether the back cap of the support bearing is locked, whether the support bearing has worn out and failed, and whether the pre-loaded bearing washer is suitable. If there is nothing wrong with the bearing, just refit it as a preload washer. If the bearing is damaged, it needs to be replaced, re-equipped as a preload washer, and then back the back cap tightly.

2. Inspection and maintenance of clearance produced by double nut pair of ball screw.

Pass the test, if it is confirmed that the fault is not caused by the lead screw movement. It is necessary to consider whether there is a gap between screw and nut pairs, and the detection method in this case is basically the same as the detection of screw movement.

3. Inspection and maintenance of single nut pair.

For single nut ball screw, the gap between screw and nut pair cannot be adjusted. If it is detected that there is a gap between the screw nut pair. First, check whether the thread arcs of the lead screw and nut are worn. If the wear is serious, a complete set of lead screw nuts must be replaced. If the wear is slight, the ball with larger diameter can be replaced for repair.

4. Gap caused by unfixed connection between nut flange and workbench.

This problem is generally easy to be ignored. Because of the long-term reciprocating motion of the machine tool, the screw for fixing the Farah disk is loose, which causes a gap. When checking the gap between the screw and nut, the fault factor should be eliminated first, so as to avoid detours during repair.

5. Maintenance of failures such as unstable movement and excessive noise of ball screw nut pair.

The unstable movement and excessive noise of ball screw nut pair are mostly caused by poor lubrication, but sometimes it may also be caused by improper adjustment of servo motor driving parameters.

Lubrication and dust prevention is a way to improve the service life of the ball screw

At present, with the high speed of the machine tool industry, the load on the ball screw is increasing, and the high-precision and large-lead screw is very necessary. Therefore, the ball screw has become an indispensable part of the machine tool. The maintenance method of the ball screw is generally the same as other devices to prevent dust and dryness, which affects work efficiency and prevents accident risks. Doing the following points can more effectively improve the service life:

(1) Eliminate the axial clearance. After the ball screw pair is disassembled and assembled, in order to ensure the accuracy of the reverse transmission and the axial rigidity, the axial clearance must be eliminated. The method of double nut ball screw pair to eliminate the gap is to use the relative axial displacement of the two nuts to make the balls in the two ball nuts stick to the two opposite sides of the threaded raceway respectively. When using this method to pre-tighten to eliminate the axial gap, it should be noted that the pre-tightening force should not be too large, otherwise it will increase the no-load moment and reduce the transmission efficiency.

(2) Regularly check the lubrication of the ball screw pair. Can be lubricated with grease and lubricating oil. Grease is generally added to the threaded raceway and the housing space where the nut is installed, and the lubricating oil is injected into the space of the nut through the oil hole on the housing. The grease on the ball screw should be replaced every six months, the old grease on the screw should be cleaned, and new grease should be applied. The ball screw pair lubricated with lubricating oil can be oiled once before each machine tool work.

(3) Protect the ball screw pair. The ball screw pair should be protected from dust or chips and closed, such as spiral spring steel belt casing, telescopic casing or folding casing. When installing, connect one end of the protective cover to the end surface of the ball nut, and fix the other end to the support seat of the ball screw.

If the ball screw is in a hidden position, a sealing ring can be used for protection, and the sealing ring can be installed on both ends of the nut. The contact seal ring has a good dust-proof effect, but due to the contact pressure, the friction torque is slightly increased. Non-contact sealing can avoid friction torque, but the dustproof effect is slightly worse. Avoid hitting the protective device when working, and replace the protective device in time if it is damaged.

(4) Regularly check the supporting bearings. Regularly check whether the connection between the screw support and the bed is loose, and whether the support bearing is damaged. If there is any problem, fasten the loose part and replace the supporting bearing in time.

Rust treatment and antirust method of linear guide rail

Rust treatment and antirust method of linear guide rail. As one of the core components of the equipment, the linear guide rail and the linear shaft play a guiding and supporting role. In order to ensure the high machining accuracy of the machine, it is required that the guide rails and straight lines have high guiding accuracy and good motion stability.

During the operation of the equipment, a large amount of corrosive dust and smoke will be produced during the processing of the machined parts, which will be deposited on the surfaces of guide rails and linear shafts for a long time, which will greatly affect the machining accuracy of the equipment.

And corrosion spots will be formed on the surface of the straight axis of the guide rail, thus shortening the service life of the equipment. In order to make the machine work normally and stably and ensure the processing quality of products, the daily maintenance of guide rails and linear shafts should be done carefully.

Please prepare for cleaning the guide rail-dry cotton cloth and lubricating oil. For example, the guide rail of engraving machine is divided into linear guide rail and roller guide rail. Cleaning of linear guide rail: firstly, move the laser head to the right (or left), find the linear guide rail, wipe it with dry cotton cloth until it is bright and dust-free, add a little lubricating oil (sewing machine oil can be used, but not engine oil), and slowly push the laser head left and right several times, so that the lubricating oil can be evenly distributed.

Cleaning of straight guide rail: move the beam to the inside, open the end covers on both sides of the machine, find the guide rail, wipe the contact areas between the guide rails on both sides and the rollers with dry cotton cloth, and then move the beam to clean the remaining areas. After finishing the use of the linear guide rail, it is necessary to apply anti-rust oil on its surface again.

Reasons that affect the normal use of ball screws

Reasons affecting the normal use of ball screw. One of the reasons for the unsmooth running of the ball screw can be divided into two situations. One is that during shipment, many packing materials and anti-bagging packing ball nuts, and when the screw is packed or arranged with steel balls, there is no proper standard procedure to complete the execution. Foreign objects or other debris and other sundries will block the track of the steel balls, resulting in the packing materials blocking the track, thus affecting the running of the ball screw. Another possibility is that if the ball screw is installed without a brush scraper, the machining chips and dust will easily accumulate in the track and block the steel ball track during machining, thus causing the ball screw to run unsmooth. The internal circulation of the ball screw is realized by the reverser, but what factors will affect the operation of the ball screw when it is running?

1. When the nut is installed, it is inclined or eccentric, which will cause abnormal load on the screw rod and cause unstable voltage when the motor is running. Damage of ball screw during handling.

2. When using lead screw for machining, it should be operated according to strict procedures, especially during early installation. If the installation is not in place, it will affect the working accuracy of lead screw.

3. Whether the axial line of the ball screw nut can be coaxial with the hole of the motor seat will also affect the operation, so pay attention to the details during operation.

4. In addition, the quality of ball screw will also directly affect its accuracy during operation. Pay attention to its quality when selecting screw.

5. Rough surface of ball groove of screw or nut, uneven size or hardness of steel ball, incorrect assembly of return pipe, etc. can cause obstacles in the operation of screw rod.

Ball screw is a kind of high-precision component, its precision is reduced and its life is shortened, so it is necessary to ensure its normal operation.

Accuracy of linear guide rail

1. The accuracy grades of linear guide rail are divided into (walking parallelism, taking the guide rail 100mm long as an example), general grade (unmarked /C)5μm, (H)3μm, precision grade (P)2μm, precision grade (SP)1.5μm and precision grade (UP)1μm according to the use of different machines. Preload the slider. Generally, preloading is divided into medium preloading and heavy preloading without preloading. The greater the preloading, the better the rigidity. Load: Generally, at the beginning of selection, it is concluded that 1/3 of rated dynamic load is the upper limit of practical load. Therefore, it is generally ensured that there is no sinking when it is added to medium preloading. If the guide rail is used up and down, it will play a guiding role. How much the slider rises is related to the screw or other transmission methods used, but not to the slide rail and slider.

2. There are basically three kinds of different brands. Usually, the gap effect of light preloading and medium preloading can affect the walking accuracy, load bearing ability and rigidity of the guide rail. And the guide rail with gap is selected, which can reduce the oscillation and impact caused by reciprocating motion to a certain extent.

3. When loading, the slider won’t sink much, so it should be called elastic deformation. If you want to say how much, no guide rail material is marked now, because it can be neglected.

Classification of linear guides

1. Linear guide rail pair is generally composed of guide rail, slide block, reverser, rolling body and holder, etc. It is a new rolling support for relative reciprocating linear motion, which can replace direct sliding touch with steel ball rolling between slide block and guide rail, and the rolling body can complete infinite circulation in raceway and slide block by means of reverser, with simple structure.

2. Small dynamic-static conflict coefficient, high positioning accuracy, good accuracy persistence, etc. Linear guide rail, also known as fine rolling linear guide rail pair, slide rail, linear guide rail, linear slide rail and rolling guide rail, is used for linear reciprocating motion occasions requiring accurate control of walking parallelism of worktable, has higher rated load than linear bearing, can bear a certain torque together, and can complete high-precision linear motion under high load.

3. The function of the linear guide rail is to support and guide the moving parts, and the worktable is driven to move smoothly in a given direction to make reciprocating linear motion by two or four rows of balls on both sides of the guide rail. According to the nature of conflict, linear motion guide can be divided into sliding conflict guide, rolling conflict guide, elastic conflict guide, fluid conflict guide and so on.

Cooling measures of ball screw rod in operation

Screw rod is one of the common product components of large-scale machinery, and its importance has been well known by more and more people. For example, people engaged in industrial mechanization also regard screw rod as a sign that the machine can run stably and normally. It can be seen that its functionality is relatively strong, mainly in the following industries:

In the electronic and mechanical industry, there are many equipments that use screw rods, such as measuring instruments, which have high requirements for measuring accuracy.

In the field of machinery, it has a wide range of products, because in the machinery industry, machinery has high requirements for the processing of each workpiece, whether it is milling machine, grinding machine, drilling machine, lathe, etc., as long as it is used, the precision error is generally below 0.1 mm.

Screw rod is also widely used in the field of numerical control, and many CNC mechanical equipment are large, which can realize automatic processing, but this will not affect its processing accuracy at all; However, with its application, the linear motion and reciprocating motion of CNC machining machinery can be freely converted, and the machining accuracy is also guaranteed.

As we all know, in the process of running the screw rod, the temperature will rise more or less, and the shaft will stretch due to thermal expansion, resulting in positioning accuracy error. Therefore, under the condition of strict positioning accuracy, corresponding cooling measures should be taken:

1. On the premise of meeting product requirements, minimize the pre-tightening amount of screw rod and bearing seat;

2. Choose a large lead as much as possible to reduce the rotating speed;

3. It is very important to choose suitable lubricant.

4. If conditions permit, use lubricating oil or cold air to forcibly cool the screw shaft.

To sum up, the above four measures can prevent the screw from generating high temperature in operation.

What should we do If there is noise in the linear module?

Linear module is a mechanical equipment component commonly used in modern industry. Its appearance can be said to be the crystallization of mechanical development and transformation. It can be seen in the modern military industry, food industry, spraying industry, logistics industry and other industries. This is because it has more significant advantages compared with traditional mechanical systems. For example, its high precision, no empty return but almost zero maintenance (no contact parts), which is difficult for mechanical systems to achieve. What’s more, there are many other advantages such as very high speed, very low speed and high acceleration.

However, there will be some minor problems in the use of any machine, such as noise, and the linear module is no exception!

1. Noise is prone to appear in a dusty environment

Solution: Use a dustproof device when in use. Generally, manufacturers will have stocks; at the same time, when choosing a linear module, you should also give priority to a closed/dust-proof linear module, such as the following one, with a steel belt The screw slide table is more suitable for use in dusty environments. In addition to the dust-proof of the module itself, other dust-proof devices should also be set according to the size of the dust.

2. Different equipment requires different pre-pressure, so noise will also occur;

Solution: According to different equipment, technical adjustment of pre-compression is required before use.

3. The lubricating grease is different, there will be noise

Solution: According to different types of linear modules, select special lubricants.

Inspection and maintenance of ball screw

The problems caused by ball screw are various, and there is no fixed form. The ball screw shaft or nut sometimes falls off due to its own weight, and when it falls off carelessly, it may cause the loss of product function due to the collision of track or the damage of circulating parts. At this time, it needs to be checked by the company. If there are scars and damages on circulating parts, outer diameter of shaft, track, etc., it will cause poor circulation, which will lead to the loss of product function. Only through correct detection to determine the real cause of the problem, can it be repaired quickly and accurately.

If there is no preparation and inspection before operating the ball screw, there may be faults. In order to reduce the occurrence of faults, how should everyone prepare for the normal operation of the ball screw? For the axis of rotation of ball screw, we should ensure that it is parallel to the linear guide rail of the main base of the machine tool, so as to avoid affecting the machining quality of ball screw due to imbalance.

For single nut ball screw, the gap between screw and nut pair cannot be adjusted. If it is detected that there is a gap between the lead screw and nut pair. First, check whether the thread arcs of the lead screw and nut are worn. If the wear is serious, a complete set of lead screw nuts must be replaced. Whether the axis line of ball screw nut can be coaxial with the hole of the motor seat can also directly affect the movement process of the machine tool.

If noise and vibration are generated in the work of machine tools, the problem of poor lubrication should be considered first after detecting that there is no problem in the mechanical transmission part. After many years of operation of machine tools, the automatic lubrication system of lead screw and nut is often blocked and cannot be lubricated automatically. Grease with high temperature resistance and high speed resistance can be added to bearings and nuts to solve the problem. Grease can ensure the normal operation of bearings and nuts for several years.